Secrets and disclosure in donor conception

This article considers the disclosure, sharing and exchange of information on being donor conceived within families, drawing on data from a study undertaken with donor‐conceived adults registered with UK Donor Link (a voluntary DNA‐linking register). This paper considers the narratives of how respondents found out they were donor‐conceived and what events triggered disclosure of this information. This paper then goes on to examine the role secrecy played in their family life and uses the concept of ‘display’ to explore how secrecy affected their relationships with their immediate and extended family. Secrets are notoriously ‘leaky’ and we found complex patterns of knowing and uncertainty about whom in the family knew that the person was donor‐conceived. We argue that what is kept secret and from whom provides insights into the multifaceted web of social relationships that can be created by donor‐conception, and how knowledge can be managed and controlled in attempts to display and maintain family narratives of biogenetic connection.     

Thinking with care infrastructures: people,devices and the home in home blood pressure monitoring

The growing consumer market in health monitoring devices means that technologies that were once the preserve of the clinic are moving into spaces such as homes and workplaces. We consider how one such device, blood pressure monitors, comes to be integrated into everyday life. We pursue the concept of ‘care infrastructure’, drawing on recent scholarship in STS and medical sociology, to illuminate the work and range of people, things and spaces involved in self‐monitoring. Drawing on a UK study involving observations and interviews with 31 people who have used a consumer blood pressure monitor, we apply the concept beyond chronic illness, to practices involving consumer devices – and develop a critical account of its value. We conclude that the care infrastructure concept is useful to highlight the socio‐material arrangements involved in self‐monitoring, showing that even for ostensibly personal devices, monitoring may be a shared practice that expresses care for self and for others. The concept also helps draw attention to links between different objects and spaces that are integral to the practice, beyond the device alone. Care infrastructure draws attention to the material, but ensures that analytic attention engages with both material and social elements of practice and their connections.     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时检测大鼠血浆中参芪扶正注射液主要成分的含量及其药动学

目的：建立超高效液相-三重四极杆质谱联用（UPLC-MS/MS）法同时测定大鼠血浆中黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D葡萄糖苷和党参炔苷的浓度,研究参芪扶正注射液在大鼠体内的药动学。方法：血浆样品加入适量内标,50%甲醇-乙腈沉淀蛋白,离心后取上清进样。采用ACE Excel 1.7 C₁₈柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,2.1 μm）,柱温：40℃,流速：0.6 mL·min^-1,流动相由0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸-乙腈组成,采用梯度洗脱,分析时间2.5 min。质谱采用ESI源,正离子检测。大鼠尾静脉注射参芪扶正注射液浓缩液,眼眶采血测定血浆中药物浓度,药动学参数以DAS 3.0软件处理。结果：黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D葡萄糖苷、党参炔苷的浓度分别在5~2 000 ng·mL^-1、2~800 ng·mL^-1、10~4 000 ng·mL^-1内均呈良好线性关系（R ≥ 0.991 5）;日内、日间精密度良好,RSD均小于13.3%（n=6）;提取回收率均在79.0%~97.1%之间,RSD均小于11.4%（n=6）。药动学结果表明,黄芪甲苷、党参炔苷和毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D葡萄糖苷在大鼠体内的AUC_0-t分别为（38.84±17.20）、（23.11±6.84）、（5.32±0.36）μg·min·L^-1,t_1/2分别为（56.44±28.25）、（47.48±9.54）、（10.01±4.42）min,CL分别为（0.15±0.06）、（1.18±0.47）、（0.47±0.11）mL·min^-1·kg^-1。结论：本法简便、快速、灵敏度高、专属性好,可用于参芪扶正口服液大鼠血浆中黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D葡萄糖苷和党参炔苷的含量测定及药动学研究。     

液质联用法测定七宝美髯丸中5种成分的含量

目的：建立UPLC-PDA-MS/MS法同时测定七宝美髯丸中二苯乙烯苷、阿魏酸、金丝桃苷、补骨脂素、异补骨脂素的含量。方法：采用InertSustain^® C₁₈（3.0 mm×100 mm,3.0 μm）色谱柱,甲醇-0.05%甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL·min^-1,进样量10 μL;PDA扫描范围：200~400 nm;质谱采用电喷雾离子源（ESI源）,正负离子扫描切换,多重反应监测模式进行定量分析。结果：七宝美髯丸中5种成分在线性范围内峰面积与质量浓度均呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率为99.06%~102.24%,精密度RSD值小于2%。在所设定的色谱条件下,七宝美髯丸中5个成分（二苯乙烯苷、阿魏酸、金丝桃苷、补骨脂素和异补骨脂素）于10 min内完全分离。结论：建立的UPLC-PDA-MS/MS方法快速简便、精密度好、灵敏度高,可用于七宝美髯丸中多种成分的含量测定和质量控制。     

HPLC-MS/MS法定量研究氧化白藜芦醇对沙奎那韦在大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的:应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)技术建立大鼠血浆中沙奎那韦的定量测定方法,并用于氧化白藜芦醇对沙奎那韦在大鼠体内药动学研究。方法:液相色谱分离采用C₁₈反相色谱柱(150mm×2.1mm,5.0μm),流动相为乙腈/水(含0.2mmol·L^-1甲酸铵),流速为300μL·min^-1;质谱检测采用电喷雾正离子(ESI^+)模式,多反应监测。血浆样品采用液-液萃取方式提取,检测反应为m/z671.4→570.4(沙奎那韦),m/z721.4→296.2(利托那韦,内标)。将10只SD大鼠分为2组,对照组与实验组分别灌胃给予沙奎那韦(30mg·kg^-1)、沙奎那韦(30mg·kg^-1)+氧化白藜芦醇(40mg·kg^-1),于不同时间取血,测定血药浓度。结果:沙奎那韦在1.0~100.0ng·mL^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.998 5),日内和日间精密度均小于12.16%,偏差为0.89%~6.24%,回收率为67.85%~82.38%,血浆样品稳定性好。同时服用氧化白藜芦醇时,大鼠体内沙奎那韦达峰浓度C_max、C_max1显著降低,而C_max、T_max、t_1/2、CL/F均无显著差异。结论:HPLC-MS/MS测定方法准确度高、专属性强、灵敏度高、快速高效。沙奎那韦的药时曲线存在双峰现象;氧化白藜芦醇可以显著降低沙奎那韦的达峰浓度,但对口服生物利用度等其他药动学参数没有显著性影响。     

基于CYP2C9和VKORC1基因多态性预测老年房颤患者使用华法林的稳定剂量

目的:探讨CYP2C9和VKORC1基因多态性对房颤患者华法林稳定剂量的影响,建立适合汉族人群老年房颤患者的华法林给药模型,指导华法林个体化抗凝治疗。方法:对200例口服华法林抗凝的老年患者进行CYP2C9和VKORC1基因分型,比较不同基因型房颤患者华法林日均稳定剂量的差异。采用多元线性回归分析法依据CYP2C9和VKORC1基因型、年龄、身高、体质量、合并用药建立华法林稳定剂量计算公式。结果:INR稳定在2.0～3.0之间时,CYP2C9*1/*1基因型患者日均使用华法林剂量(3.87±0.71)mg显著高于CYP2C9*3基因型患者(1.05±0.59)mg;VKORC1-1639AA基因型患者日均使用华法林剂量(2.94±1.03)mg显著低于VKORC1-1639GA/GG基因型患者(5.76±1.12)mg。通过多元线性回归分析得出华法林稳定剂量公式,建立的回归模型中包含年龄、体质量、合并用药、CYP2C9*3和VKORC1-1639基因型,该模型能解释约56.5%个体间华法林剂量差异。结论:基于CYP2C9和VKORC1基因多态性建立的华法林稳定剂量预测公式,能帮助指导华法林在老年房颤患者中的抗凝治疗。     

阿利吉仑对高血压肾病小鼠肾的保护作用及其作用机制

目的探究阿利吉仑对高血压肾病小鼠的保护作用及其对磷脂酰肌醇激/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号通路和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)表达的影响。方法用微渗泵灌注血管紧张素Ⅱ制备高血压小鼠肾病模型。按照体重将小鼠随机分为6组:假手术组、模型组和低、中、高3个剂量实验组(灌胃阿利吉仑12. 5,25. 0,50. 0 mg·kg^-1)与对照组(卡托普利30 mg·kg^-1),每组15只;造模后给药,每日1次,连续灌胃2周。以实时定量PCR法测定肾组织中胰岛素受体底物2(Irs2)、磷脂酰肌醇激酶-3(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(Akt) mRNA表达;以免疫印迹法测定Irs2、PI3K、Akt与Caspase-3蛋白表达情况。结果给药4周,假手术组、模型组、对照组和高剂量实验组的PI3K mRNA表达分别为1. 14±0. 21,0. 34±0. 08,1. 07±0. 23和0. 96±0. 22;这4组的Akt mRNA表达分别为1. 23±0. 27,0. 45±0. 13,1. 05±0. 16和0. 91±0. 15,模型组与假手术组比较或高剂量实验组与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。这4组的小鼠肾组织Caspase-3蛋白表达水平分别为0. 29±0. 06,1. 06±0. 13,0. 31±0. 06和0. 37±0. 08,模型组与假手术组比较或高剂量实验组与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论阿利吉仑对高血压小鼠肾具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路、抑制Caspase-3表达有关。